As part of this study, conduct a blast surveillance program to monitor, record, and maintain data on blast pressure exposure for any soldier, in training or combat, who is likely to be in a position where he or she may be exposed to blasts.Expand on existing blast pressure monitoring in training and establish a longitudinal medical study on blast pressure exposure during combat and training in order to better understand the relationship between blast pressure exposure and brain injury.Improve understanding of blast-induced brain injury The Army should increase its efforts to protect soldiers against blast-induced brain injury, with increased resources for testing, experimentation, and combat helmet development. In the longer term, new materials and technologies could be used to mitigate the blast wave through improved helmet design or off-board protection from robotic teammates.In the near term, computational modeling and physical experimentation can be used to assess various existing helmet designs and their response to blasts of various sizes and locations.Computer models and physical experiments have suggested that existing Army helmets provide some modest protection against blast waves and that improved helmet designs, such as adding a modular face shield, could reduce blast pressure in the brain by up to 80 percent.The Army does not currently have a requirement to protect against brain injury from exposure to blast pressure waves from explosions (aka primary blast injury).Multiple theories exist, each with varying degrees of support.
Primary blast pressure waves are an important mechanism for brain injury, but the specific causal mechanism is unclear.DoD studies have also found higher rates of concussion and post-concussion associated symptoms among individuals with a history of prolonged exposure to low-level blasts from breaching and shoulder-fired weapons.DoD studies have demonstrated that some servicemembers experience cognitive deficits in delayed verbal memory, visual-spatial memory, and executive function after firing heavy weapons, even within allowable limits.Emerging evidence suggests that servicemembers may be exposed to high levels of blast overpressure (the pressure wave that comes from explosions) when firing heavy weapons, such as the Carl Gustaf recoilless rifle, even in training.Hundreds of thousands of servicemembers suffer from traumatic brain injury (TBI), including from exposure to blasts from improvised explosive devices (IED).Renewing the National Security Consensus.Enhancing DHS Oversight & Accountability.Constructing Regional Partnerships and Seizing Emerging Opportunities.The lungs, gastrointestinal tract, part of the face covered. (See also Barotrauma Barotrauma Barotrauma is tissue injury caused by a change in pressure, which compresses or expands gas contained in various body structures. read more -air must move through the eustachian tube to equalize the pressure in the middle ear. When outside air pressure changes suddenly-for example, during the ascent or descent of an airplane or a deep-sea dive Ear barotrauma (ear squeeze) Barotrauma is tissue injury caused by a change in pressure, which compresses or expands gas contained in various body structures. Normally, the eustachian tube, which connects the middle ear and the back of the nose, helps maintain equal pressure on both sides of the eardrum by allowing outside air to enter the middle ear. If air pressure in the ear canal from outside air and air pressure in the middle ear change rapidly or are unequal, the eardrum can be damaged.
The eardrum separates the ear canal and the middle ear.
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